Decoquinate

Food and Feed additives

Introduction:
Decoquinate is a feed additive intended for the control of coccidiosis, a debilitating protozoal infection in poultry. The active agent is 4-hydroxyquinoline, incorporated at 0.6 % by weight in the feed additive. Evidence generated at the time of its introduction suggested that a product delivering 20-40 mg of decoquinate per kg complete feed was effective as a coccidiostat for chickens. However, a full assessment of the present day efficacy was not possible as an insufficient number of trials had been carried out in the last ten or so years, reflecting current production.

M.F.: C₂₄H₃₅NO₅
M.W.: 417.55
Property: canary yellow or sandy beige powder.

Function:

1. Pharmacodynamacs: Decoquinate Premix plays a role in the asexual propagation of coccidium. Decoquinate Premix will stop the growth of ascospore by disturbing the DNA synthesis. Decoquinate Premix acts on the early living period of coccidium, so it can prevent the harm of the fowl's intestinal wall.

2.Pharmacokinetics: Decoquinate Premix can be absorbed fastly. It can reach the virtual concentration within 1 hour, and reach the highest concentration after 3 days. After cattle and sheep are given separately uncharted Decoquinate Premix for 5 days and 7 days, then mainline the Decoquinate Premix marked with 14 C (single dose) to them, the radiation in plasma will reach the peak value after one and a half hours. Decoquinate Premix are partly metabolized in growth rat to make three kinds of metabolites which structures can not be tested. However, only two kinds of metabolites are tested from ruminant and the proportions are lower than them in growth rat. The mainly excretion pathway of ruminant is through dung, then is urine. For example-- sheep, 36% Decoquinate Premix can be excreted through urine, and 35% can be excreted within 24 hours. All the Decoquinate Premix and metabolites will be excreted within 3 days completely.

3.Decoquinate has a wide margin of safety.
Calves
No adverse effects were seen when fed to calves at 40 times the highest recommended use level (0.5mg/kg bw) or at 10 mg/kg bw per day for 10 days.
Decoquinate has also been fed at 12.5 times the recommended use level (0.5mg/kg bw) for up to 6 moths.
Horses
Decoquinate was non-toxic to horses when fed at 12.5 times the recommended level for 14 days.
Sheep
Decoquinate was found safe for sheep at 4g /kg/bw in a single oral dose. Decoquinate has been fed to lambs at rate of 200 grams/ton of complete feed for 31&87 days. No signs of toxicity were observed, demonstrating at least an eightfold margin of safety.
Goats
No adverse reactions or abnormal tissues were observed in goats fed decoquinate at 0.5 or 5.0 mg/kg body weight (10x use level) for 84 days.
Growing chichens
Decoquinate has been given to growing chickens as a single dose as high as 11.0 g /kg without toxic effect.
Continuous feed medication at levels from 0.08% to 0.16% for 127 days produced with no adverse effects.
Swine
No indications of toxicity were observed in the behavior or appearances of swine fed decoquinate in the feed at levels of 3, 10, 100 and 300 grams per ton for 112 days. There was no significant difference in weight gains and feed efficiency between medicated groups and unmedicated controls.
Games birds
Decoquinate was found to be safe for pheasants, pigeons and partridges when given at 5 mg/kg bw in a single dose.
Rats, mice and dogs

4.Multiple studies including two year toxicity studies have been conducted with no adverse effects on any body functions including reproduction.

Use and Dosage:Chicken, 27.2g (according to Decoquinate Premix)/ 1000Kg mixed fodder for 7~14 days
Adverse Reaction:No
Notice:Can not be used to layer chicken; can not be used with fodder which contains bentonite.
Adverse Reaction:Five days.
Specifition: 100g : 6g
Packaging: 5kg /bag, 25kg /bag
Storage :Sealed, coll and shady place
Period of validity:3 years